OpenStack安装环境搭建教程

OpenStack是一个开源的云计算平台，能够通过简单配置和部署，实现私有云或公有云的构建，本文将详细介绍如何在虚拟机环境中安装和配置OpenStack，包括硬件要求、网络配置、操作系统设置等步骤。

环境准备

1、硬件环境：需要三台虚拟机，分别作为控制节点（Controller）、计算节点1（Compute1）和计算节点2（Compute2），具体配置如下：

2、网络配置：每台虚拟机需配置双网卡，一个用于局域网通信，另一个用于外网连接，具体配置如下：

3、关闭防火墙和SELinux：在所有虚拟机上执行以下操作：

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
reboot

4、配置主机名和hosts文件：修改各虚拟机的主机名，并编辑/etc/hosts文件添加相应的IP地址映射：

hostnamectl set-hostname controller
echo "192.168.44.3 controller" >> /etc/hosts

安装和配置OpenStack组件

1、安装基础依赖包：在三台虚拟机上均执行以下操作：

yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y centos-release-openstack-train
yum clean all && yum makecache

2、配置NTP服务：确保所有虚拟机时间同步：

yum install -y ntp
systemctl enable ntpd
systemctl start ntpd
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com

3、安装RabbitMQ：消息队列服务是OpenStack的重要组件之一：

yum install -y rabbitmq-server
systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
systemctl start rabbitmq-server
rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS
rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

4、安装Etcd：分布式键值存储系统，用于服务发现：

yum install -y etcd
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd

5、安装Memcached：对象缓存服务：

yum install -y memcached python-memcached
systemctl enable memcached
systemctl start memcached
echo "-l 127.0.0.1,::1,controller" >> /etc/sysconfig/memcached
systemctl restart memcached

6、安装MySQL：数据库服务：

yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server python2-PyMySQL
systemctl enable mariadb
systemctl start mariadb
mysql_secure_installation

创建数据库和用户：

CREATE DATABASE keystone;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit;

7、安装Keystone：身份认证服务：

yum install -y openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone
keystone-manage db_sync
systemctl restart httpd
keystone-manage fernet-setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage credential-setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
keystone-manage token-setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone --token-expire 24:00:00 --bootstrap-token ADMIN_TOKEN
keystone-manage resource-provider-create --resource-class RES_CLASS --region RegionOne
keystone-manage domain-create --name Default --description "Default Domain"
keystone-manage user-create --name admin --pass ADMIN_PASS --email admin@example.com
keystone-manage role-create --name admin
keystone-manage user-role-add --user admin --role admin --tenant service
keystone-manage service-create --name keystone --type identity --description "OpenStack Identity"
keystone-manage endpoint-create --service keystone --publicurl http://controller:5000/v3 --internalurl http://controller:5000/v3 --adminurl http://controller:5000/v3 --region RegionOne
systemctl restart httpd

8、安装Glance：镜像服务：

yum install -y openstack-glance httpd mod_wsgi
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf DEFAULT transport_url http://controller:5000/v3
keystone-manage catalog-create --name glance --type image --service URL http://controller:9292
systemctl restart httpd

9、安装Nova：计算服务：

yum install -y openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-utils httpd mod_wsgi
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT transport_url http://controller:5000/v3
keystone-manage catalog-create --name nova --type compute --service URL http://controller:8774
systemctl restart httpd

10、安装Neutron：网络服务：

yum install -y openstack-neutron httpd mod_wsgi
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT transport_url http://controller:5000/v3
keystone-manage catalog-create --name neutron --type network --service URL http://controller:9696
systemctl restart httpd

11、安装Horizon：仪表盘服务：

yum install -y openstack-dashboard httpd mod_wsgi memcached python-memcached
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
openstack-config --set /etc/openstack_dashboard/local_settings.py KEYSTONE_URL http://controller:5000/v3
systemctl restart httpd

12、安装Cinder：块存储服务：

yum install -y openstack-cinder httpd mod_wsgi
systemctl enable httpd
systemctl start httpd
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT transport_url http://controller:5000/v3
keystone-manage catalog-create --name cinder --type volume --service URL http://controller:8776
systemctl restart httpd

相关问题与解答栏目

1、问题：如果无法访问RabbitMQ管理界面怎么办？

答案：检查RabbitMQ服务状态和防火墙设置，确保RabbitMQ服务正在运行并且端口15672未被阻止，可以使用命令netstat -anlp | grep 15672检查端口监听状态，如果端口未开放，手动添加安全组规则并重启服务。

2、问题：为什么在安装过程中遇到各种报错信息？

答案：报错信息通常由配置文件错误、软件包版本不兼容或网络问题引起，建议仔细检查每一步的配置文件，确保所有命令正确无误，确保系统时间已同步，避免因时间不同步导致的安装失败。

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